The Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority (MACRA)’s plan to introduce a monitoring system to track misinformation has sparked debate, with digital rights advocates warning of threats to freedom of expression and privacy.
Net Rights Coalition (NRC), a group of digital rights activists and civil society organizations, argues that the system “implies targeted mass communications surveillance, a threat to freedom of expression, access to information, and the right to privacy.”
In an open letter, co-signed by 15 organizations, including the Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation (CHRR), Media Council of Malawi, Youth and Society (YAS), Bloggers of Zambia, and the African Internet Rights Alliance, directed to MACRA Director General, the coalition urged MACRA to reconsider the system, calling for stakeholder engagement and human rights assessments.
“Such a system, if misused, could be detrimental to democracy, stifling free expression and limiting access to critical information. It could lead to the unjust monitoring of activists, journalists, and ordinary citizens, stifling free expression and limiting access to critical information needed for a functioning democracy,” the letter reads.
It also cites Malawi’s obligations under the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), which safeguards freedom of expression and access to information. It also references ACHPR Resolution 573, urging African states to regulate communication surveillance in line with human rights standards.
As Malawi prepares for its General elections on September 16, 2025, the activists worry the system could be used to monitor opposition voices.
“We urge MACRA to ensure any measures to combat misinformation do not violate fundamental rights. Without safeguards, this initiative could erode trust in digital spaces and create an atmosphere of fear and self-censorship among users,” the letter warns.
Instead of surveillance, the signatories propose public awareness campaigns, fact-checking initiatives, and proactive information disclosure. They also seek assurances from MACRA that it will not resort to internet shutdowns during elections.
But at a press briefing in Lilongwe recently, the communication’s regulator Director General Daudi Suleman defended the $1.5 million project saying it will play a crucial role in creating a safer and more reliable digital space for Malawians.
“As a regulatory body, MACRA must protect consumers from digital misinformation. The rise of digital disinformation has had a profound impact on public discourse, leading to confusion and manipulation. Relying solely on manual approaches is inefficient. This system will provide the evidence we need to regulate effectively, instil confidence in digital platforms, and ensure online safety,” Suleman said.
He further noted that ensuring a balanced approach would require MACRA to work closely with stakeholders, including civil society organizations and independent watchdogs, to prevent potential misuse of the system.
He emphasized the importance of digital trust for user safety and economic sustainability.
“When people lose trust in digital platforms, they shy away from them, negatively impacting our economy. This initiative will also empower Malawians to report digital misconduct,” he added.
Thokozani Chimbe, Director of Legal Affairs at MACRA, reassured the public that the system will respect privacy and reassured the public that it’s implementation would be accompanied by transparency measures, including regular audits and independent reviews to safeguard fundamental freedoms.
The system is expected to integrate with Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and LinkedIn to track online trends.
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